The critical role of submarine cables in maintaining global connectivity cannot be overstated. These undersea infrastructures handle around 99% of all data transmission, emphasizing their indispensability in today’s interconnected world. As tensions rise, so does the threat to these cables, now considered a ‘vulnerable soft underbelly.’ The UK‘s Joint Committee on the National Security Strategy (JCNSS) has launched an enquiry to address these concerns.
Subsequent to a recent incident in the Baltic Sea, where another submarine cable suffered damage suspected to be an act of sabotage, the imperative for ensuring the integrity of such infrastructure has become more evident. Previous incidents, particularly post the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, have been linked to Russian and Chinese activities. NATO’s response, the ‘Baltic Sentry’ mission, highlights the increased focus on this emerging security challenge.
This enquiry by JCNSS aims to elucidate several pressing questions. These pertain to expected changes in the UK’s dependence on submarine cables in the next decade, identifying potential perpetrators and their capabilities, and advancements in subsea technology. Furthermore, there is an emphasis on assessing the effectiveness of deterrent measures against these threats and understanding the collaboration across various UK departments and with international allies.
Matt Western MP, the committee chair, succinctly captures the situation: “Our internet relies on undersea cables: around 99% of our data goes through them, connecting the UK to the outside world.” He further emphasizes the geopolitical risks, highlighting the stark implications of a targeted attack on these cables. However, he reassures that while the UK has some resilience, the risks must not be underestimated.
The committee is inviting insights from industry experts, aiming for submissions by 6th March 2025. This investigation is both timely and essential, with the recent sabotage in the Baltic signifying the immediacy of the threat. Despite NATO’s efforts, the cable connecting Sweden and Latvia suffered grave damage, underscoring the need for fortified security measures.